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- $Unique_ID{BRK03609}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip}
- $Subject{Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip Hare Lip Cheiloschisis}
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1984, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1990, 1992 National Organization
- for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 32:
- Cleft Palate and Cleft Lip
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (Cleft Palate and Cleft
- Lip) is not the name you expected. Please check the SYNONYMS listing to find
- the alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Hare Lip
- Cheiloschisis
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
-
- Cleft Lip and Palate are common malformations that are noticeable at
- birth (congenital). A cleft is an incomplete closure of the palate or lip,
- or both. This defect is caused when the pair of long bones that form the
- upper jaw (maxillae) do not fuse properly during the development of the
- embryo. The cleft may be barely noticeable or result in severe deformities
- requiring surgical correction.
-
- Symptoms
-
- There are several varieties of Cleft Lip and Palate malformations. Over 200
- syndromes have cleft lip and/or palate as a feature. The most severe types
- involve the lip, gum, bone, and the soft and hard palates. Less severe
- clefts may involve only one of these structures. Clefts may occur on one or
- both sides of the lip and/or palate.
-
- Children with Cleft Lip and Palate usually have a flat nose and lips that
- appear spread out or splayed. Generally there are abnormalities in dental
- development such as absent, extra or deformed teeth. Other features may
- include abnormal growth of the cartilage on one or both sides of the nose
- (ipsilateral alar nasal cartilage), and a wider than normal space between the
- eyes (mild ocular hypertelorism). Children with this disorder are at
- increased risk for middle ear infections (otitis media) and hearing loss.
- Speech may be impaired.
-
- Causes
-
- When Cleft Lip and Palate occur as part of another syndrome, the cause is
- that of the syndrome. (For disorders that have Cleft Palate as a symptom of
- the disorder, choose "Cleft Palate" as your search term in the Rare Disease
- Database).
-
- When Cleft Lip and Palate occur in isolation, the cause is less clear.
- Both a genetic change (mutation) and environmental factors may be involved.
-
- Affected Population
-
- Cleft Lip and Palate affect more than 5500 newborns each year in the United
- States. The frequency in newborn infants is 1:700, but this ratio varies
- according to ethnic background. Orientals are the most likely to be affected
- while Americans of African descent are the least likely to be affected.
- Males are at least twice as likely as females to be affected by cleft lip,
- but females are more prone to cleft palate.
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- The treatment of Cleft Lip and/or Palate requires the coordinated efforts of
- a team of specialists. Pediatricians, dental specialists, surgeons, speech
- pathologists, psychologists and others must systematically and
- comprehensively plan the child's treatment and rehabilitation.
-
- Cleft lip may be surgically corrected. Generally surgeons repair the lip
- when the child is still an infant. A second surgery is sometimes necessary
- for cosmetic purposes when the child is older.
-
- Cleft palate may be repaired by surgery or covered by an artificial
- device (prosthesis) that closes or blocks the opening. Surgical repair can
- be carried out in stages or in a single operation, according to the nature
- and severity of the defect. The first palate surgery is usually scheduled
- during the toddler period.
-
- With adequate assistance, many children with cleft palates speak as well
- as other children by the time they enter school. Speech and language
- development need to be assessed by a speech pathologist during the preschool
- years.
-
- Dental problems associated with cleft palate are generally correctable.
- Braces and orthodontic appliances are frequently needed later to straighten
- teeth that have grown in crooked.
-
- Routine testing of hearing should be scheduled for all preschool children
- with clefts of the palate. They may require tubes placed in their ears to
- drain congestion and improve hearing.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Researchers continue to study the genetic causes of Cleft Lip and Palate. New
- surgical and dental corrective procedures are being researched and developed.
- Other studies continue to concentrate in the areas of facial and
- psychological development and other associated problems with speech, chewing
- and swallowing.
-
- Although the palate of cleft palate patients generally closes during
- early childhood, difficulties may persist if the palate is excessively short
- in relation to the throat (pharynx). Researchers are studying a teflon-
- glycerine paste that is applied to the rear of the pharynx in a minor
- surgical procedure. A rounded bump or ledge is formed, bringing the pharynx
- and palate into the proper relationship with each other. The hardened paste
- remains in place indefinitely; no side effects have been observed. Children
- as young as eight years old have been treated with this procedure.
-
- For further information on this procedure contact:
-
- William N. Williams, D.D.S.
- University of Florida
- College of Dentistry
- Box J-424
- Gainesville, FL 32610
- (904) 392-4370
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project that is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- October 1992. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- Forward Face
- 560 First Ave.
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 263-5205
- (800) 422-FACE
-
- A Cleft Palate Team is a group of specialists who are primarily
- interested in the care of children having clefts. For information about
- local teams contact:
-
- The Cleft Palate Foundation, Inc.
- 1218 Granview Ave.
- Pittsburgh, PA 15211
- (800) 24-CLEFT
- (800) 23-CLEFT
-
- FACES
- National Association for the Craniofacially Handicapped
- P.O. Box 11082
- Chattanooga, TN 37401
- (615) 266-1632
-
- National Craniofacial Foundation
- 3100 Carlisle St., Suite 215
- Dallas, TX 75204
- (800) 535-3643
-
- Craniofacial Family Association
- 170 Elizabeth Street
- Suite 650, Toronto, Ontario MG5G1X8
- Canada
-
- Society for the Rehabilitation of the Facially Disfigured, Inc.
- 550 First Ave.
- New York, NY 10016
- (212) 340-5400
-
- About Face
- 123 Edward Street
- Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8
- Canada
-
- Let's Face It
- Box 711
- Concord, MA 01742
- (508) 371-3186
-
- NIH/National Institute of Dental Research (NDR)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-4261
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- SMITH'S RECOGNIZABLE PATTERNS OF HUMAN MALFORMATION, 4th ed.: Kenneth
- Lyons Jones M.D.; W. B. Saunders Company, 1988. Pp. 196-199.
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 10th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor:
- Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. Pp. 230-231.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 405-406, 410-411.
-
- NELSON TEXTBOOK OF PEDIATRICS, 14TH Ed.; Richard E. Behrman, Editors;
- W.B. Saunders Company, 1991. Pp. 926-927.
-
- MANAGING THE CLEFT LIP AND PALATE PATIENT, F.L. Kaufman; Pediatr Clin
- North Am (Oct 1991; 38(5)): Pp. 1127-1147.
-
-